What does B-s1,d0 mean on a wallcovering?

B-s1,d0 is a reaction-to-fire class under EN 13501-1. B means a limited contribution to fire, s1 is the lowest smoke production class and d0 means no flaming droplets or particles. At VÉLLANO, Fabric Backed FR+ and DuraFlex FR are classified B-s1,d0, and both are also ASTM E84 Class A.

What is the difference between ASTM E84 Class A and B-s1,d0?

They come from different test systems. ASTM E84 is the American tunnel test: Class A means a Flame Spread Index of 0 to 25 and a Smoke Developed Index of 450 or less. B-s1,d0 is the European EN 13501-1 class, based on different tests. Projects often quote both, so a material holding both classes covers either requirement.

Is GREENGUARD Gold a fire rating?

No. GREENGUARD Gold is a UL 2818 certification for low chemical emissions into indoor air, accepted for schools and healthcare. It says nothing about fire behaviour. A specification usually needs a fire class, such as B-s1,d0 or ASTM E84 Class A, and an emissions label, such as GREENGUARD Gold or M1, as two separate lines.

What does 15 oz mean for wallcovering?

It is the weight of a fabric-backed wallcovering, quoted in ounces per linear yard. Fabric Backed FR+ and DuraFlex FR are 15 oz fabric-backed vinyls. Weight on its own does not tell you the fire class or durability category, so check the spec sheet for the classification the product actually holds.

What is a strike-off?

A strike-off is a sample print of the actual design on the chosen material, made so the colour can be approved before full production. It is recommended for colour-critical walls, brand colours and recoloured designs briefed with Pantone or NCS references.

What is bleed in wallpaper printing?

Bleed is extra image printed beyond the edge of the wall. VÉLLANO adds 50 mm on every side, so the print is 100 mm wider and taller than the wall. Walls, ceilings and floors are rarely square, and the bleed lets the installer trim to the real lines without cutting into the design.

What is the difference between a panel and a join?

A panel is one printed strip of a custom mural, sized to the material's print width and numbered for its position. A join is where two panels meet; VÉLLANO panels are butt-joined edge to edge. A wall always has one join fewer than it has panels, and wide-width materials up to 3.15 m remove most joins.

Wallcovering Glossary: Spec Terms Explained

Wallcovering glossary for designers: fire ratings, emission labels, backings, print width, bleed and strike-off, explained in plain English with examples.

This wallcovering glossary explains the specification terms that appear on spec sheets, finishes schedules and tender documents for printed wallcoverings, from fire classes such as B-s1,d0 and ASTM E84 Class A to print width, bleed and strike-off. Each entry says what the term means and, where it applies, which VÉLLANO material carries it.

The terms are grouped the way a specification is written: fire first, then indoor air, durability, backing, size and print, installation and documents. Where a term is covered in depth elsewhere, the entry links to the full guide.

Fire performance terms

Fire performance is usually the first line a consultant checks. Two systems turn up on Malaysian and regional projects, and they are often quoted side by side.

Term	What it means	VÉLLANO materials
EN 13501-1	The European reaction-to-fire classification for building products, from A1 (non-combustible) down to F.	Classification used for the FR range
B-s1,d0	An EN 13501-1 class: B means limited contribution to fire, s1 the lowest smoke class, d0 no flaming droplets.	Fabric Backed FR+, DuraFlex FR
ASTM E84	The American tunnel test. It measures how far flame spreads along a sample and how much smoke it gives off.	Test behind Class A
FSI (Flame Spread Index)	The flame-spread result of ASTM E84. Class A is 0 to 25.	FR+, DuraFlex FR
SDI (Smoke Developed Index)	The smoke result of ASTM E84. Class A also needs 450 or less.	FR+, DuraFlex FR
Class A	The best ASTM E84 class: FSI 0 to 25 and SDI 450 or less.	FR+, DuraFlex FR

Fire-rated wallcovering is the everyday name for a material with a tested classification like these. Write the class in the schedule, not just "fire-rated", and ask for the test report for the submission. Our guide to B-s1,d0 vs ASTM Class A explains both tests in detail.

Fabric Backed FR+ texture — Fabric Backed FR+: fabric-backed vinyl classified B-s1,d0 and ASTM E84 Class A · Fabric Backed FR+

Indoor air and environmental labels

These labels describe what a wallcovering, or the ink printed on it, releases into the room. They matter most in schools, healthcare, hotel rooms and green-building projects. None of them is a fire rating.

GREENGUARD Gold: UL 2818 Gold standard for low chemical emissions, accepted for schools and healthcare.
M1: the Finnish emission classification for building materials, the strictest of its three classes.
AgBB: the German health-related evaluation of VOC emissions from building products.
A+ Émissions: the highest French indoor-air emissions class, on a scale from A+ to C.
Low VOC: low emissions of volatile organic compounds from the substrate and the ink.
Odourless (ISO 16000-28): a sensory-panel evaluation of odour. Prints from the Canon Colorado UVgel system have been evaluated odourless, and the Luxe non-woven prints carry the same evaluation.
UL ECOLOGO: UL 2801 multi-attribute environmental certification, held by the HP Latex ink system used on the wide range.
SGBC Green Label: Singapore Green Building Council certification. Fabric Backed FR+ carries it.
Korea Eco-Label, CO₂ Label and KAA: Korean environmental, carbon-footprint and indoor-air certifications held by materials in the Eco paper-backed range.
RoHS: restriction of hazardous substances in materials, held by Canvas HD+.

Which labels a project actually needs depends on the client and any green-building scheme. Our guide to wallcovering certifications sorts them by project type.

Durability and performance terms

ASTM F793: the North American standard for wallcovering performance. It classifies wallcoverings by tested performance for different levels of use.
Type II (ASTM F793): the commercial category for average-to-high-traffic areas such as waiting rooms, classrooms and hallways. Luxe Artistry NW is certified ASTM F793 Type II. Only write "Type II" for a product that holds it.
Scrubbable: the surface can be cleaned with more than a damp wipe. VÉLLANO's fabric-backed materials are scrubbable; DuraFlex FR is also impact-tolerant for high-traffic public areas.
Antifungal layer: an applied antifungal resin layer that resists mould. The Eco paper-backed range has one. It does not make a wallcovering suitable for wet zones such as showers.
Commercial wallcovering: a general term for a wallcovering built for public and high-traffic spaces rather than homes, usually fabric-backed vinyl with a fire classification.

Luxe Artistry NW texture — Luxe Artistry NW: a canvas-weave non-woven certified ASTM F793 Type II, printed up to 3.15 m wide · Luxe Artistry NW

Backings and print bases

The backing is the base the design is printed on. It decides how tough the wall is, how it is hung and how the print reads. The paper vs fabric-backed vs non-woven guide compares them side by side.

Paper-backed: a paper base with a printable surface. The Eco Smooth, Eco Tex and Eco Shine+ range uses a Korean paper back with smooth, fine-textured and pearl-emboss finishes.
Fabric-backed vinyl: a vinyl surface laminated to a woven fabric. It is the usual commercial construction for corridors and public areas.
Osnaburg: a coarse woven fabric used as the backing of commercial fabric-backed vinyl. Fabric Backed FR+ is a 15 oz Osnaburg-backed vinyl.
oz/ly (ounces per linear yard): how fabric-backed wallcovering weight is quoted. Fabric Backed FR+ and DuraFlex FR are 15 oz, and Luxe Textura NW is a 15 oz/ly non-woven. Weight is quoted per product; check the spec sheet rather than assuming a class from it.
Non-woven: a base made from bonded fibres rather than woven fabric. It is dimensionally stable and easy to strip, can be hung paste-the-wall and is available in wide widths.
Canvas: a true woven canvas base, as on Canvas HD+, for an art-print surface on paintings and illustration.
Emboss: a texture pressed into the surface, such as the linen-weave emboss on DuraFlex FR or the pearl emboss on Eco Shine+.
Window film: self-adhesive printed film for glass: opaque white, one-way vision perforated, clear and frosted. See the window films guide.

Eco Tex texture — Eco Tex: a paper-backed base with a fine, plaster-like texture · Eco Tex

Size and print terms

Custom print is ordered by the wall, not by the roll, so these terms describe how a design is split and printed.

Term	Meaning
Print width	The widest strip a material can be printed at: 991 mm for the Eco range, 1,295 mm for the fire-rated range, 1,448 mm for Canvas HD+, 1,194 mm for window films and 3,150 mm for the Luxe non-wovens.
Panel (or drop)	One printed strip, sized to the print width and numbered for its position on the wall.
Join (seam)	Where two panels meet. Panels are butt-joined: edge to edge, without overlap. A wall has one join fewer than it has panels.
Wide width / seamless	Printing up to 3.15 m in one drop, so most feature walls need no joins at all.
Bleed	Extra image beyond the wall edge. VÉLLANO adds 50 mm on every side so the installer can trim to walls that are not square.
Print area	Panels × print width × printed height: the area actually printed for a wall.
dpi at final size	The resolution of an artwork file once scaled to the wall. Supply bespoke artwork at 100 dpi or more at final printed size.
Colourway	An alternative colour version of a design, with its own code, for example NOVAR10040-3.
Strike-off	A sample print of the actual design on the chosen material, made for colour approval before production.
Pantone / NCS	Colour reference systems used to brief a recolour or a brand match.

The Wall Calculator works out panels, joins and print area for any material, and the Artwork Checker gives a dpi verdict. For the full method, read how much wallpaper do I need and seamless wide-width wallcoverings.

A Novarelle abstract composed to one wall and printed as numbered panels · NOVAR10011

Inks appear on spec sheets too. The Eco, Canvas, fire-rated and window ranges print with Canon Colorado UVgel ink, which is GREENGUARD Gold certified and evaluated odourless. Most Luxe non-wovens print with HP Latex water-based ink, which is GREENGUARD Gold and UL ECOLOGO certified.

Installation terms

Booking: letting a pasted paper-backed panel soak for the full time so the backing relaxes before hanging. Under-soaked paper shrinks at the seams.
Paste-the-wall: applying adhesive to the wall rather than the panel. Non-wovens can be hung this way.
Methyl-cellulose paste: the adhesive for paper-backed bases and murals. Vinyl and fabric-backed bases take a heavy-duty ready-mixed adhesive with good slip and high initial tack.
Tape test: a check that existing paint is sound. Cut an X, apply tape and pull; clean tape means the paint will hold.
Primer: a sealing coat for new plaster, powdery or dark walls, so the wall does not draw paste out too fast.
Numbered sequence: panels are hung in the order printed on them. Hang three panels and inspect before continuing.

We recommend an experienced wallcovering installer and can refer one. Installation details for hotels are in the hotel wallcovering specification guide.

Specification documents

Spec sheet: the one-page technical sheet for a material: width, thickness, fire classification, certifications and ink. Every material page has one to download.
Specification clause: the text that goes into the finishes schedule or tender. The Spec Clause tool writes one from your material and design.
Zone plan: a plan showing which material goes in which area, for example fire-rated in corridors and wide width in the lobby.
Test report and certificate: the documents behind a fire class or label, requested for submissions from the Downloads page.
Samples: A4 cuts of a chosen design on a chosen material, up to six per request, or the material swatch set.

To put the terms to work, follow the checklist for specifying custom printed wallcoverings, or use the Material Finder to match a material to your sector and fire requirement.